micrococcus luteus biochemical tests micrococcus luteus biochemical tests

The oxidase test results suggest that the microbe does not contain oxidase, despite what the metagenome binning test showed. Basics of Differentiation of Gram Positive Cocci, The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine, Challenges in Blood Group Alloantibody Detection, Clinical Applications of Complement Testing, Collecting Blood from Patients with Vascular Lines, Diagnosis of Syphilis Using the Reverse Algorithm, Liquid Chromatography LC Basics and Separation Techniques, Liquid Chromatography Separation Mechanisms, Optimal Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies, Pharmacogenetics for Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions, Sensitivity Specificity and Predictive Values in Diagnostic Testing, Transfusion Support in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, Clinical Chemistry Guide to Scientific Writing, Commission on Accreditation in Clinical Chemistry. It is Gram-positive cocci in tetrads, catalase-positive, coagulase-negative, arranged in clusters that differ from Staphylococcus in attacking sugars oxidatively which may appear in irregular clusters, groups of four or eight. Environmental Testing. The two unifying characteristics of these four families are their coccoid shape and the fact that they stain purple in the Grams method for visualizing bacteria microscopically. Micrococcus luteus ( M. luteus ), is a Gram-positive bacteria, 0.05 to 3.5 microns in diameter, that is most commonly found in mucous membranes such as the nasal cavities, the upper respiratory tract, and the lining of the mouth. The antibiotic resistance test showed only minor resistance to the antibiotic Oxacillin, which is likely due to a chance inheritance in the population or complete chance because of the weak strength. Typical colonies are often described as gray to white, moist or glistening. November 27, 2021 at 9:14 AM Hi sir, why Macrococcus and Micrococcus will not ferment . The majority of staphylococcal species produce non-pigmented colonies with smooth margins, as opposed to the important pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, which produces the characteristic colonies seen here. [3] Micrococcus luteus are Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, motile -non motile, that are 0.5 to 3.5 micrometers in diameter and usually arranged in tetrads or irregular clusters. The differentiation of the Gram-positive cocci encompasses 4 main exercises used to compare and contrast the characteristics of each family: These four tests will, as we shall see, allow for the differentiation of the families of organisms and will guide the laboratorian to other more definitive tests for the identification of the organism. There are around nine species that are recognized in the genus. 2019). . The microbiome of the nasal cavity can also change in response to environmental factors such as geographic location, and hygiene (Rawis et al. M. luteus has one of the smallest genomes of actinobacteria with a circular chromosome of 2,501,097 base pairs and a GC content of 73%. Biochemical Test and Identification of Staphylococcus aureus. They grow in circular, entire, convex, and creamy yellow-pigmented colonies with diameters of approximately 4 mm after 2-3 days at 37C. The skin infections or chronic cutaneous infections that are caused can result in pruritic eruptions of the skin in some of the areas as well as scattered papule lesions with or without central ulcerations. Biochemical Pr Organism Enterococcus faecalis Lactococcus lactis Micrococcus luteus Staphylococcus I hypothesized that it would be a bacteria commonly found in the nasal cavities and likely from the aforementioned phyla, so it would likely do best living in an aerobic, humid, and warm environment. Make a tape label writing the color dot, your name, and the name of the media. It shows that it is mostly Actinobacteria, with some firmicules ,and proteobacteria mixed in (Figure 2). For the detection of oxidase enzyme, filter paper circular disks impregnated with tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride in dimethyl sulfoxide are used. Micrococcus Luteus Oxidase Test: The microdase test, also known as modified oxidase test is a rapid test to differentiate Staphylococcus from Micrococcus which are Gram-positive cocci possessing catalase enzymes. This technique is centered on the performance of the classic Grams stain. The Micrococcus strains isolated from various infections were most probably misclassified as staphylococci. I also grew it in a MacConkey (MAC) plate to see if it could ferment lactose and if it could grow with both crystal violet and bile salts to further confirm if it was gram negative or positive. (2010) What are microbes? All three types of hemolytic reactions are represented on this slide. Biochemical Test Chart (You will not fill in every blank in this chart.) https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Micrococcus_luteus&oldid=887698104, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_aureus&oldid=890960280, An exploration into a pharmacists microbes, An exploration of microbes present in the blood of processed moose. From: Infectious Diseases (Third Edition), 2010 View all Topics About this page luteus is capable of surviving in environments Finally I used different antibiotic disks to check for its resistance to antibiotics, using Gentamicin, Cefoperazone, Vancomycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Trimethoprim, Oxacillin, and Cefazdin. The identified reads only made up a total of twenty seven percent of the total reads, but the majority of those reads were for M. luteus. They also produce yellow or pink colonies when they are grown on the mannitol salt agar, micrococcus flavus, M. terreus, and M. yunnanensis. Figure 2. It may appear in irregular clusters, groups of four or eight. Other articles where Micrococcus luteus is discussed: Micrococcus: found in milk, such as M. luteus, M. varians, and M. freudenreichii, are sometimes referred to as milk micrococci and can result in spoilage of milk products. The M. luteus genome encodes about four sigma factors and fourteen response regulators, a finding indicative of the adaptation to a rather strict ecological niche. The sample was then sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq technology in UAFs DNA Core Lab. Required fields are marked *. It grew in circular, entire, convex and creamy yellow pigmented colonies heaving 0.5-2.5 diameter. They are catalase-positive and usually aerobic with strictly respiratory metabolism. The family, Micrococcaceae, has been shrinking. These organisms range in virulence potential from commensal organisms found on the skin and mucous membranes to pathogens associated with serious infections. Staphylococcus aureus. M. luteus is the majority of reads on the species level. They grow in circular, entire, convex, and usually non-pigmented or cream white colonies with diameters of approximately 4 mm after 2-3 days on the plate at 37C. Rawis M, and AK Ellis (2019). document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Built with Enlightenment Theme and WordPress. Micrococcus luteus biochemical test result. While defining the characteristics of the Micrococcus are the ability to produce acid aerobically from the aesculin hydrolysis, glucose glycerol, arginine dihydrolase, motility, major pigment production, and conversion of nitrate to nitrite. I used an oxidase test strip and water to determine if cytochrome C oxidase was present, and performed a catalase test to determine if catalase was present. The Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit provides convenient and simple step-by-step method for isolating quality genomic DNA from gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species. It had 27,372 contigs in assembly. The tests that did not agree were most likely from not having an active colony used in the experiment, such as the oxidase test being negative or the API 20 E test strip showing that the isolate did not reduce nitrate, which it does, referencing Medical Laboratories. Mannitol salt agar (MSA) is a selective, differential, and indicator medium used to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from the clinical specimen. Only those with compromised immune systems are thought to be susceptible to an infection.DisinfectionM. The catalase and the oxidase tests came up negative, because the catalase test did not form bubbles, and the oxidase test did not see a color change. They are catalase positive and often oxidase positive although this reaction may be weak (see Table 23.3 ). After you have cultivated your organism on agar media, the next step is the microscopic examination. They are generally strict aerobes and these can generally reduce nitrate concentration. I am an associate professor in the Clinical Laboratory Science program at Wayne State University. What are the Diseases that are Caused By Micrococcus? When looking back after culturing the isolate, these hypothesies were supported by several of the tests, and served as a good tool to steer me towards what the isolate may be. Culture Characteristics: Colonies are shades of yellow or red. Micrococcus species occur in a wide range of environments, including dust, water, and soil. If I were to continue researching this isolate, I would redo the API 20 E test strip with a fresh, active culture to ensure that it can reduce nitrate, and also the oxidase test to ensure that it does have cytochrome c oxidase present, which it should according to Public Health England. The catalase test also indicated that the microbe does not have catalase, despite the metagenomic binning test suggesting it. Simple biochemical tests like the one above have always been an important aid to identification of bacteria, because the different bacterial groups and species have characteristic metabolic activities. Micrococcus species are strictly aerobic Gram-positive cocci arranged in tetrads or irregular clusters, and cells range from 0.5 to 3 m in diameter. M. luteus has one of the smallest genomes of all the bacteria. The GC content of the DNA ranges from about 65 to 75 mol%. Micrococci have Gram-positive types of spherical cells that are ranging from about 0.5 to three micrometres in diameter and typically they appear in tetrads. Like all Staphylococci, S. saprophyticus is also clustering Gram-positive cocci, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, and . Hemolysis is the lysis of the sheep erythrocytes within the agar by bacterial toxins (hemolysins) that are produced by the different genera of Gram-positive cocci. The species Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter 1872) Cohn 1872 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. They are generally strict aerobes and can generally reduce nitrate. They are likely involved in the biodegradation of many other environmental pollutants or detoxification. Catalase test was the first biochemical test to be done . Gamma or no hemolysis results in no characteristic display in the vicinity of the colony. It is Gram positive, Coagulase positive, catalase and oxidase positive non-motile bacteria. Your email address will not be published. It is an opportunistic pathogen, only pathogenic enough to cause disease in weakened immune systems (Medical Laboratories). Book a free counselling session. So far there are two genome sequences that have been done. Several uncommon strains produce raised colonies with translucent, depressed centers. 2. "EPR and ENDOR detection of compound I from Micrococcus lysodeikticus catalase". 2023 Universe84a.com | All Rights Reserved, Blog: Microbiology and infectious disease, Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Test: Introduction, Result, Unit, Normal Range, Test Method, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes, Anti -TPO Antibody: Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Normal Range, Assaying Method, and Keynotes, HPV Genes detection using Real-Time PCR: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Keynotes, Microbiology Reporting Techniques: Introduction, List of Templates, and Keynotes, Acetamide Utilization Test: Introduction, Composition, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Limitations, and Keynotes, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/887570/UK_SMI_ID_07i4.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrococcus_luteus, https://europepmc.org/article/med/14576986, https://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-6553(13)01146-2/fulltext. Micrococcus luteus is another gram-positive coccus that also is catalase positive. The differentiation is based on the detection of the oxidase enzymes. In the 1920s, Alexander Fleming described lysozyme as a bactericidal factor of human and other animal tissues and secretions.1 He also discovered and named a yellow bacterium, Micrococcus lysodeikticus (now M luteus), that was highly susceptible to lysozyme-mediated killing.After exploring the susceptibility of other bacteria to lysozyme, Fleming proposed that M luteus and certain other . Micrococcus luteus is coagulase negative, bacitracin susceptible, and forms bright yellow colonies on nutrient agar. All pathogenic strains of S. aureus are coagulase positive whereas the nonpathogenic species (S. epidermidis for example) are coagulase negative. Source publication +9 Isolation and Identification of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria in Living Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) Sold in. View Biochemical Tests Lab Report.docx from BIOL 240 at University of Alaska, Anchorage. This lines up with M. luteus resistances from the tests. This fits well with where I sampled my bacterium from, as a shower drain is a place where both dust and water would accumulate, along with residues of skin glands from showering. The categorization of the Gram-positive cocci based on their possession of the enzyme catalase, a quality which can be easily assayed in the lab. Washington, DC 20001 They are usually normal flora but can be opportunistic pathogens in certain immunocompromised patients. Bacteria Detail., The Editors of Encyclopdia Britannica. Micrococcus Luteus is a gram positive, non-motile, non-sporing cocci belonging to micrococcea family. Although the Micrococcus rarely causes infections or problems in the body, with the compromised immune systems, it has been known to get certain skin infections that are caused by Micrococcus luteus. Micrococcus, genus of spherical bacteria in the family Micrococcaceae that is widely disseminated in nature. Micrococci can grow well in environments with little water or high salt concentrations, including sportswear that is made with synthetic fabrics. luteus is rarely found to be responsible for infections. Figure 1. Most of the Micrococcus infections are discovered through the process of elimination along with the presence of the abundant Micrococcus tetrads in the lesions or cysts. Micrococcus spp. appear as agents of infection causing endocarditis. Streptococcus pneumoniae and a group of streptococci referred to as viridans (green) streptococci are examples of bacteria producing alpha-hemolysis. When looking at the antibiotic test results, the isolate is resistant to none of the applied antibiotics, and is only lightly to intermediately resistant to oxacillin. M. luteus played an important part in Flemings discovery of Lysozyme which is the bodys natural antibiotic. The microbiome of the nose. The MacConkey agar showed very little growth, and did not have a change in color, indicating that the microbe was gram positive and not a fermenter. (2019, March 14). Bacillus megaterium fermented sugars but didn't grow in the anaerobic area of the butt. Last updated: August 10, 2022 by Sagar Aryal. Micrococcus luteus This Gram positive coccus is found in tetrads, irregular clusters, and cubical packets of eight. I used the Kirby-Bauer, or disk diffusion test to test for this, described in lab handout 9. However, the most promising antibiotic regimen that is proposed for the treatment of the Micrococcus luteus seems to be a combination of amikacin, vancomycin, and rifampicin. Micrococcus (pleural-micrococci) is free-living in the environment and also normal flora of the skin. Micrococcus luteus biochemical test result. nishinomiyaensis and Micrococcus luteus. This would be read as K/A. Depend on Gram stain Test and Biochemical Test find four species of cellulolytic bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas diminuta, Micrococcus luteus and Plesiomonas shigelloides. In the case of a negative test, no colour change is observed. Hybridization studies indicate that species within the genus Micrococcus are not closely related, showing as little as 50% sequence similarity. This is a test for aerobic (able to use oxygen) catalase-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Micrococcus. Examples of the colony morphology associated with each family is represented on this slide. I then transferred the pure culture into a TSB slant to preserve it, keeping it at around 3 degrees Celsius in the lab refrigerator. Members of the Staphylcocci can be differentiated based on production of the enzyme coagulase. Due to the thick structure of the bacterial cell wall, Gram-positive cocci retain the primary Grams stain, Crystal Violet. Though not a spore former, the Micrococcus cells can survive for an extended period of time, both at refrigeration temperatures and in nutrient-poor conditions such as sealed in amber. Streptococcus spp. Motility (Motile / Non-Motile) Non-Motile. Biochemical Tests in Microbiology Student Name Date 1 Lot Number(s) Record the lot numbers for each bacterial . Because of their diversity, there are a variety of biochemical tests that are used by laboratories to identify the Gram-positive cocci. When using a fluid thyoglycollate test it resulted in the isolate being a strict aerobe, with all of the bacterium being at the top of the medium where it is oxygenic. Most of the bacterium in the gram stains were gram negative, but a significant amount, about twenty percent, showed up as gram positive. I kept the plate at room temperature for 7 days, and then selected a colony to purify using the pure culture streak plate method. We will discuss this shortly. Micrococcus Public Health Agency of Canada., Public Health England. It did not reduce sulphur, digest gelatin, or reduce nitrate, among some of the more interesting tests, which all disagree with M. luteus. See answer (1) best answer. Staphylococci are either producers of the enzyme coagulase or non-producers. The tetrads of the micrococci, the grape like clusters of the staphylococci, and the pairs and/or chains of the streptococci are shown. Micrococcus spp. In the presence of atmospheric oxygen, the oxidase enzyme reacts with the oxidase reagent and cytochrome C to form the coloured compound, indophenol indicated as blue or purplish-blue colouration on the disc after the introduction of the bacterial colony on the disc. . I would hypothesise that because we clean our shower regularly, that most of the bacterium un the shower drain would come from people in my family taking a shower, and mostly be from the skin. Micrococcus lutues are Gram positive cocci that are 0.5 to 3.5 m in diameter and arranged in tetrads or irregular clusters. These can indicate that the genus of the Micrococcus is more closely related to the genus Arthrobacter than it is to other coccoid genera such as Staphylococcus and Planococcus. Benecky M. J.; Frew J. E.; Scowen N; Jones P, Hoffman B. M (1993). It is essential for differentiating catalase-positive Micrococcaceae from catalase-negative Streptococcaceae. It is an aerobic exopolysaccharide producing bacteria that may be found on the skin, mouth and sometimes in the throat of mammals 13,14. This microbe forms large, round colonies. Under the microscope they are round cells. Your email address will not be published. I think that this culture was mostly Micrococcus luteus based on the Kaiju and metagenome binning results. In contrast to staphylococci, usually, penicillin is sensitive. Micrococcus also not able to ferment glucose anaerobically (negative) Reply. It has been isolated from human skin. Micrococcus was first isolated by Alexander Fleming in 1929, as Micrococcus lysodeikticus before it was known as micrococcus luetus (Ganz et al, 2002) Micrococcus is generally thought of as harmless bacterium, but there have been rare cases of Micrococcus infections in people with compromised immune systems, as occurs with HIV patients. Enterococcus faecalis. Many members of the genus have been reclassified into other genera. The bacterium also colonizes the mouth, mucosae, oropharynx, and upper respiratory tract. Micrococcus is a genus of bacteria that is present in the Micrococcaceae family. Characteristics. Subscribe to our e-mail newsletter to receive updates. They are positive for catalase and oxidase ( modified). Colony pigmentation varies considerably but is usually different shades of yellow or cream-white. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. For the second control, 100 L of water sample dilutions were plated on agar-agar. The third image represents the colony morphology of many of the streptococci and enterococci. The differentiation is based on the detection of the oxidase enzymes. Micrococcus is a spherical bacterium found on dead or decaying organic matter while Staphylococcus is a gram-positive bacterial genus that produces a bunch of grape-like bacterial clusters. Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Iranian Medicinal-Plants against Micrococcus Luteus, Serratia Marcescens, Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Bordetella Bronchoseptica.. It is mostly Actinobacteria, but some Proteobacteria and Firmicules are in the sample as well. Ans: Micrococci, like many other representatives of the Actinobacteria, can be catabolically versatile, with the ability to utilize a wide range of unusual substrates, such as herbicides, pyridine, chlorinated biphenyls, and oil. I repeated this process three more times to further purify the colony. This can occur due to the presence of a reduced number of, Most of the Micrococcus infections are discovered through the process of elimination along with the presence of the abundant Micrococcus tetrads in the lesions or cysts. It has multiple antibiotic resistance genes including dihydropteroate synthase, glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase, and SSU ribosomal proteins. The API test strips lack of results suggests that the I used the wrong test strip, I probably needed to use the Staph test instead of the Strep test, because the Strep test is for when Catalase is absent, but there could have been catalase present. They are found in many other places in the environment, including dust, water, and soil. Micrococcus luteus is a coccus shaped gram-positive bacteria. Coagulase, which is an enzyme involved in the conversion of serum fibrinogen to fibrin, causes the clotting of plasma. I isolated the DNA by lysing the cell and using the Power Sol DNA Isolation Kit to isolate the DNA from the other parts of the cell. Colonies typically have a lemon-yellow pigment. Cultures:- Nutrient broth cultures of Micrococcus luteus and Proteus vulgaris (young cultures) Procedure: Wet Mount Preparation . Micrococcus Catalase Test: The catalase test facilitates the detection of the enzyme catalase in bacteria. Abstract: Gliotoxin, an epipolythiodioxopiperazine, is a fungal metabolite that causes genomic DNA degradation preferentially in certain blood cell types including T lymphocytes and macrophages. My goal in this experiment was to isolate, characterize and identify a bacterial colony that arose from a sample taken from my roommates nose. It has also been isolated from foods such as milk and goats cheese. // Some of the Micrococcus are pigmented bacteria, for example, M. roseus produces reddish colonies and M. luteus produces yellow colonies. The reactions of the four isolates indicated that they belonged to the species M. Zuteus (Kocur & Martinec, 1972). Micrococci can often carry plasmids that provide the organism with useful traits. The organism itself is susceptible to almost all drugs, with a few strains being resistant to nitrofurantoin, macrolides and lincomycin (Public Health Canada). Micrococcus luteus are Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, motile -non motile, that are 0.5 to 3.5 micrometers in diameter and usually arranged in tetrads or irregular clusters. (negative). They are indole negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, and citrate negative. PUGVIEW FETCH ERROR: 403 Forbidden National Center for Biotechnology Information 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894 USA Contact Policies FOIA HHS Vulnerability Disclosure National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Micrococci may be distinguished from staphylococci by a modified oxidase test as shown below-. 1. Lastly, do not underestimate the variety of different genera in the four families of the Gram- positive cocci that can, under the right circumstances, move from relatively harmless saprophytes to disease-producing opportunists. 2002 can be divided into three biovars that are distinguished by several chemotaxonomic and biochemical traits: biovar I represented by the type strain of Micrococcus luteus; biovar II represented by strain D7 DSM 14234 CCM 4959; and biovar III . Coagulase Results: This would be read A/NC. This is termed alpha () hemolysis and results in a greenish color surrounding the colony. Micrococcus luteus Grown on BrainHeart Infusion Agar, Klebsiella characteristics on MacConkey Agar, Clinical Case Leukocyte Vacoulation Bacterial Infection, Segmented neutrophilic granulocyte during degradation, DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation), Creatinine Phosphate Kinase (CPK) and CK-MB Overview. The oxygen class and the gram positiveness of the microbe also matches up with that of Micrococcus luteus. Catalase, if present, will break down the hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. The metabolic pathways required for biomass production in silico were determined based on earlier models of actinobacteria. The coagulase test is performed by mixing a sample of organism with rabbit plasma. Staphylococcus epidermidis contains cytochrome c which leads to turned purple after oxidation. Cells are catalase positive, oxidase positive, and exhibit strictly aerobic metabolism. It can be easily be mistaken for staphylococci, as they are very similar morphologically and physiologically (Wikipedia, Staphlyococcus Aureus). The large polysaccharide molecule starch contains two parts, amylose and amylopectin, these are rapidly hydrolyzed using a hydrolase called alpha-amylase to produce smaller molecules: dextrins, maltose, and glucose. They are considered as normal comensal of human skin and upper respiratory tract. For example, M. luteus and M. lylae are 40-50% genetically different. The results of this analysis are shown in table 1. [7], In 2003, it was proposed that one strain of Micrococcus luteus, ATCC 9341, be reclassified as Kocuria rhizophila. This simple-to-perform test categorizes the Gram-positive cocci as either catalase producers (+) or non-producers (-). They are positive for catalase and oxidase ( modified). Micrococcus species are more sensitive to the Bacitracin while the staphylococci are resistant. Label the slide with the name of the organism; Place 15 - 20 uL of the culture in the middle of the slide The mammalian skin that has M. luteus strain is also highly sensitive to the beta-lactam antibiotics. Micrococcus luteus pigment (Yellow) GLUCOSE FERMENTATION TEST This test detects the ability of the bacterium to break down glucose to pyruvic acid. Download Scientific Diagram from www.researchgate.net. Thank you for joining me, Karen Krisher, on this Pearl of Laboratory Medicine on Basics of Differentiation of Gram-positive Cocci.. download full PDF here, Some of the species of Micrococcus, such as M. luteus which is yellow in colour, and M. roseus which is red. They grow on simple media and their colonies are usually pigmented. Structure and PhysiologyThis bacteria is Gram-positive, spherical, and an obligate aerobe. They occur in pairs, tetrads or clusters but not in chains. They usually can occur in the irregular clusters, tetrads, and in pairs, where the individual cells are about one to 1.8 mm in diameter and these are usually non-motile and non-spore-forming in nature. In the final section of a study, it is essential to present important information, techniques, and variables. It is often larger thanStaphylococcus. In the last control, agar-agar was inoculated with 1 mL of M. luteus washed live cells and incubated for 24 h at 37 C. Kaiju webserver metagenome binning analysis chart. Those are extremely toxic because they are powerful oxidizing agents and destroy cellular constituents very rapidly. Further tests that I would do would be testing how much heat resistance it has, the density of a broth suspended sample using a dilution series, test for more antibiotic resistances, and how well it can grow in antibacterial mediums and mediums of different pH levels. M. luteus causes odours in humans when breaking down the components of sweat. Pearls of Laboratory Medicine